Frontier AI /performance gains More compute demand More / larger data centers Need for firm power +fast grid interconnection Grid canconnect fast? No Yes Bring-your-own-gen /microgrids / off-grid Standard interconnection+ transmission upgrades Higher local emissions& permitting fights Rate-base & capacitymarket pressure Community resistance:water, land, air, noise Household bill increases& electricity inflation Political response: restrictions,cost-shifting rules Re-acceleration via targeted policies loops back